One of the first studies of hypermasculinity was conducted by Donald L. Mosher and Mark Sirkin in 1984. Mosher and Sirkin have operationally defined hypermasculinity or the “macho personality” as consisting of three variables:

• callous sexual attitudes toward women
• the belief that violence is manly
• the experience of danger as exciting

They developed the Hypermasculinity Inventory (HMI) designed to measure the three components.[1] Research has found that hypermasculinity is associated with sexual and physical aggression towards women.[2][3] Prisoners have higher hypermasculinity scores than control groups.[4]

Anti-Feminist Stumbles Upon Scientific Conversation, Is Bewildered and Terrified